The Catholic Church believes that during mass when the priest prays over the elements of bread and wine those elements actually become the body and blood of Jesus. The doctrine behind this is known as transubstantiation.
The thought is that Jesus instituted this sacrament at the last supper with the intent of a priesthood, descended from the apostles, having the power to bring the presence of Christ through those elements to those gathered to partake of that sacred meal.
This was not the way that The Lord's Supper was originally celebrated in the early Church but no matter. It fits the idea that grace is distributed through a priesthood to the common people.
There are different ideas on what communion is in the universal Church comprised of all that believe in Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. My father-in-law believed that the elements became the real body and blood, not through the actions of the priest but through the faith of the one receiving those elements. Although he was Catholic that is much closer to a Lutheran belief.
Many others only see communion as a religious act, the form and frequency being only what their denomination suggests. And then of course you have everything in between.
After our family left the Catholic Church and then after a couple of years left a little Assembly of God church we had home church for 7 years with another family plus a few others. During that time every so often either Mike or I would take the responsibility to pray over bread and juice and distribute them to the families. For me this was tremendously meaningful and sacred. I believe we were remembering the sacrifice that Jesus made for us very much the way the early church did.
Here are two posts from my 2 Timothy 2:2 blog that give some background to understanding the accounts of communion in scripture.
The first is Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread
and the second is The Last Supper
May the Lord constantly be with you.
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